“斯密问题”:作为“问题”的论域与意义

Smith Problems":A Field of Discussion on "Problems" and Significance

早在十九世纪中叶 ,德国历史学派经济学家就发现并提出了所谓“斯密问题” ;从那时起 ,把斯密看作伦理学上的利他主义者和经济学上的利己主义者 ,就几乎成了研究斯密的传统“信条” ;人们由此形成了一种常识性的共识 :正是斯密自己造成了“经济人”与“道德人”之间的人格分裂和经济学与伦理学之间的价值紧张 ,并因而使经济学陷入了愈来愈“不讲道德”的困境和使伦理学愈来愈沦为只会空洞说教的意识形态工具。然而事实是 ,“斯密问题”是一个只有在特定的论域中才有意义的问题———严格廓清这一点 ,无论是对于我们理解斯密通过“看不见的手”实现经济与伦理的自然关联 ,还是作出重塑现代经济与伦理再度结盟的努力 。

In the middle of 19 th century,the Germany economists of historical school found and advanced the so called 'Smith Problems'.From then on,it became the traditional creed that taking Smith as the altruism in the ethics and the egoism in the economics.Thus a common understanding was formed that it was Smith himself who caused the personality splitting between the 'economists' and the 'morals' as well as the value tenseness between the economics and the ethics,and made the economics land itself in a more and more 'immoral' predicament and the ethics more and more reduced to a tool of ideology with empty and hollow preaches.But in the matter of fact,it is only in a specific discussion field that the 'Smith Problems' would become one of significance.To clean up this point is very significant for both that we understand Smith by the connection between economics and ethics through the 'unseen hand' and that we make efforts to reform and alliance with modern economics and ethics.