异体脱钙骨基质明胶骨粒/骨水泥复合材料的生物力学性能研究

BIOMECHANICAL STUDY ON THE COMPOSITE OF ALLOGENIC DECALCIFIED BONE MATRIX GELATIN AND BONE CEMENT

目的 研究不同质量比的部分脱钙骨基质明胶骨粒 /骨水泥复合材料的结构特征及生物力学性能 ,初步分析与复合比例的关系 ,为临床应用提供依据。方法 按 Urist等的方法制备异体部分脱钙骨基质明胶骨粒 ,再与骨水泥按不同比例混和制成含骨粒质量比分别为 0、4 0 0、5 0 0及 6 0 0 m g/ g的部分脱钙骨基质明胶骨粒 /骨水泥复合材料 ,对其进行扫描电镜观察和抗压极限强度、抗弯极限强度测定。结果 不同复合比例材料中骨粒与骨水泥均匀混合分布 ,呈多点面状接触 ,无序排列 ,其中骨水泥相互延续构成材料的骨架 ,不同大小的骨粒分布其间 ;材料间存在较多 10 0～ 4 0 0 μm不规则相互连通的自然裂隙 ,随材料中骨粒所占比例增加 ,骨水泥含量减少 ,自然裂隙增多。含部分脱钙骨基质明胶骨粒质量比为 0、4 0 0、5 0 0及 6 0 0 mg/ g的复合材料的抗压极限强度分别为 (71.1± 2 .0 ) MPa,(46 .9± 3.3) MPa,(39.8± 4 .1) MPa和 (32 .2± 3.4 ) MPa;抗弯极限强度分别为 (6 5 .0± 3.4 )MPa,(38.2± 4 .0 ) MPa,(33.1± 4 .3) MPa和 (2 5 .3± 4 .6 ) MPa。结论 部分脱钙骨基质明胶骨粒 /骨水泥复合材料具有良好的生物力学性能 ,且制备简便 ,易于塑形 ,其中以 10 0～ 4 0 0 μm自然裂隙有利于宿主骨的长入 。

Objective To evaluate the biomechanical properties and structural characteristics of various composites of partially decalcified allogenic bone matrix gelatin and bone cement at different ratios. Methods According to Urist method, partially decalcified allogenic bone matrix gelatin was prepared and mixed with bone cement at different ratios of 0, 400, 500, and 600mg/g. Then the comparisons of these composites were performed in microstructure, ultimate compression strength and ultimate bending strength properties. Results The electronic microscope showed that the bone particles and bone cement were distributed evenly in the composite, irregularly connecting by multiple points; with the increase of bone particles and decrease of bone cement in the composite, there were more and more natural crevices, varying from 100 μm to 400 μm in width, in the biomaterials. Of all the composites with the ratios of 0, 400,500, and 600 mg/g, the measurements of ultimate compression strength were (71.7±2.0) MPa, (46.9±3.3) MPa, (39.8±4.1) MPa, and (32.2±3.4) MPa, respectively; and the measurements of ultimate bending strength were (65.0±3.4) MPa, (38.2±4.0) MPa, (33.1±4.3) MPa and (25.3±4.6) MPa, respectively. Conclusion The composite of partially decalcified allogenic bone matrix gelatin and bone cement has a good biomechanical property and could be easily fabricated and re shaped, which make it available to be used clinically as an idea bone graft biomaterial.