中国城市机动车排放污染控制规划体系研究

STUDY OF THE URBAN VEHICULAR EMISSION CONTROL PROGRAM SYSTEM IN CHINA

建立城市机动车污染控制规划体系的目标在于揭示城市机动车排放特征以及由此形成的污染物的分布规律 ,并根据城市大气容量和环境质量的要求进行排放控制目标的选择和方案优化。该文吸收发达国家原有控制规划体系的主体思想 ,并对其进行了改造 ,使得新的规划控制体系能够更适合我国城市的特点。该体系结构的核心内容主要由机动车排放因子的确定、机动车污染物排放时空分布规律的确定、大气环境质量状况的模拟和分析、机动车排放优化模型的建立和综合控制实施影响评估四部分组成。通过建构上述四个核心模块的规划内容和方法 ,新的控制规划体系可以迅速。

The urban vehicular emission control program system is developed to facilitate the study of urban vehicular emission characteristics and their spatial and temporal distribution, and then the emission control target and control strategies are optimized according to the requirements for urban ambient air quality. The kernels of urban vehicular emission control systems from various developed countries are adopted, and essential modifications are conducted to make the new control program system more appropriate and more efficient for vehicular emission control policymaking in major cities of China. Major modules of this new system include: modeling vehicular emission factors, determining vehicular emission spatial and temporal distribution, modeling air pollutant dispersion processes and assessing urban traffic related air pollution, setting up a vehicular emission optimization model and assessing future environmental impacts of those comprehensive control strategies. The methods and algorithms of all the four major modules are discussed in detail, separately.