几种菊科植物杀菌活性的初步研究

Primary study on the fungicidal activity of compositae plants

以小麦赤霉病菌 (Gibberella zeae (schw.) Petch)、番茄灰霉病菌 (Botrytis cirerea Pers et Tris)、辣椒疫霉病菌 (Phytophthora capsici L eon)、苹果炭疽病菌 (Glomerella cingulata )、玉米大斑病菌 (Exserohilum turci-cum L eonard) 5种病原真菌为供试菌种 ,对菊科 15属 2 5种植物的丙酮提取液进行抑菌活性筛选。结果表明 ,除蒙山莴苣和千里光 2种植物外 ,其他 2 3种植物的提取液对至少 1种供试菌种有 6 0 %以上的抑制作用。臭蒿、大花金挖耳、猪毛蒿 3种植物提取液对 5种供试菌种的菌丝生长抑制率大于 70 %;大花金挖耳、猪毛蒿、天明精、苍耳、蓼子朴等 5种植物样品对 5种供试菌种的孢子萌发抑制率大于 93%;尤其是大花金挖耳、猪毛蒿 2种植物样品的提取液对 5种供试菌种的菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制率均大于 70 %,值得进一步研究开发。

The fungistasis of the 15 genera 25 species compositae plant samples extracts were tested in vitro with Botrytis cirerea,Gibgerella zeae,Phytophthora capsici,Glomerella cingulata and Exserohilum frungus.The results showed that the extracts of 20 plants extracts had more than 60% inhibiting rates at leas to one species of tested fungi,such as A.sieversiana Thunb,A.conyza blinii Lev,A.argrilevl.et vanl etc;70% to the hypha growth of 5 tested fungus,such as A.hedinii Ostenf,C.macrocephalum Franch.et sar,A.scoparia Waldst.et kit L.;that the acetone extracts of 5 plants antifungal rates are more than 93% to the spores sprouting of 5 tested fungus,such as C.macrocephalum Franch et Sav,A.scoparia Waldst.et kit,C.abrotanoides L.,X.sibiricum Patrin L.salsoloides (Turcz) O.ston etc.Especialy,the extracts from C.macrocephalum Franch.et sar,A.scoparia Waldst.et kit L. had more than 70% inhibiting rates to the hypha growth and the spore sprouting of 5 tested fungus.