汽车废气污染对交警碳氧血红蛋白水平影响的研究

Study on Effect of Traffic Exhaust Pollution on Saturation of Carboxyhemoglobin in Traffic Policemen

目的探讨汽车废气污染对交通警察碳氧血红蛋白水平的影响。方法以唐山市交通警察支队所属市区169名外勤警和112名内勤警为研究对象进行问卷调查和健康体检 ,以一氧化碳微型监测仪监测调查对象的呼出气中一氧化碳水平及碳氧血红蛋白饱和度。结果外勤警的碳氧血红蛋白饱和度 (2.30 %±1.49 % )较内勤警 (1.71 %±0.99 % )明显增高 (P<0.001) ,不同年龄段的外勤警碳氧血红蛋白饱和度均高于内勤警 ,两组间的工龄>5年的交警碳氧血红蛋白饱和度差异有显著性。外勤警出现神经衰弱综合征的比例 (78.90 % )明显高于内勤警 (58.93 % ) ,P<0.01。结论汽车废气是使外勤警碳氧血红蛋白饱和度增高的主要因素 ,已对交通警察产生一定的健康影响。

Objective To study the effect of automobile exhaust pollution saturation of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in traffic policemen. Methods 169 traffic policemen working outdoors were selected as a exposure group and 112 traffic policemen working indoors as control group in a traffic policemen detachment in Tangshan. Questionnaires and health examination were conducted in two groups. The carbon monoxide levels in the exhalation were measured in 281 traffic policemen by a micro_smokerlyzer and the corresponding saturation of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) were read. Results The higher saturation of carboxyhemoglobin were observed in exposure group (2.30%±1.49%) compared with those (1.71%±0.99%) in control group (P<0.001). The levels of saturation of carboxyhemoglobin between two groups beyond 5 years seniority were higher in exposure group than those in control group in different age group significantly. The incidence of neurasthenia syndrome in exposure group (78.90%) were significantly higher than those in control group (58.93%), P<0.01. Conclusion The automobile exhaust was a main factor resulting in higher levels of saturation of carboxyhemoglobin in exposure group and had a certain impact on traffic policemen's health.