海水—原油乳化液破乳脱水试验研究

TESTING ON THE DEEMULSIFICATION OF BRINE/CRUDE OIL EMULSIONS

对四氧乙稀壬基苯酚醚和甘油-酸酯为乳化剂制取的蒸馏水,人工海水/人工原油乳化液和海水/北海原油乳化液的破乳脱水试验表明,脂肪胺等有机溶剂对两类乳化液有相似的破乳效果,其趋势完全一致。脂肪胺为最佳破乳剂,脂肪醇次之,在破乳过程中脂肪胺与油水界膜中的表面活性基团发生强烈反应,而中等链长脂肪醇则靠扩散分离作用,当分散相为人工海水时破乳效果均减弱,界膜中有蜡晶存在时,脂肪胺破乳效果不变但脂肪醇的破乳效果明显下降,将脂肪酸与脂肪胺同时加入时,界膜处的酸/胺络合物将使界膜具有更强的亲水性而获得最佳破乳效果。

Tetraoxyethylene nonylphenol ether and monoglyceride stabilized disti- lled water, man-made formation water/man-made formation oil emulsions and brine/North Sea crude oil emulsions have been destabilized by organic so- lvent-like systems. The two emulsion systems have the same tendency and similar efficiency of deemulsification. Among these destabilizers the best ones are fatty amines, followed by fatty alcohols. Fatty amines will react strongly with the surface groups on the interfacial film, while the medium-chain-leng- th alcohols will destabilize due to a diffusion/partition mechanism. When the dispersed phase is man-made formation water, both mechanizms are wea- kened. With the preasence of wax particles, the efficiency of the amines remains practically unchanged while the efficiency of the fatty alcohols declines. The hi- ghest destabilizing efficiency is obtained when a fatty acid and a fatty amine is used tegether. In this case the interface will contain charged acid/amine compl- exes and the film will be too hydrophilic to protect oil-continuous emulsions.