老年心理健康问卷的编制

The Construction of Mental Health Inventory for Chinese Elderly

目的 :编制适用于中国老年人的心理健康问卷。方法 :根据心理健康内涵包括性格、情绪、适应、人际和认知五个方面的理论构想 ,建立包含 5 8题的初试卷。在北京地区分层随机取样 110 0例 5 5岁以上老年人为调查对象。结果 :通过因素分析从 5 8道题中筛选出 5 0道题组成正式的老年心理健康问卷。对全量表和分量表的项目进行一致性检验 ,α系数为 0 .5 8～ 0 .89,各分量表与所属题目及总分均存在显著的相关 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;因素分析证实了问卷的结构效度 ;问卷得分与流调中心抑郁量表得分、生活满意度、健康满意度、慢性疾病患病数和遭遇重大生活事件数等因素显著相关 ,不同群体心理健康状况的比较表明该问卷具有良好的实证效度。此外 ,还建立了北京城区老年人心理健康常模。结论 :问卷编制符合心理测量学要求 。

Objective: To develop a standardized inventory for evaluating mental health of Chinese elderly.Methods: The original inventory comprised of 58 items was constructed according to the theoretical proposition that mental health includes 5 major components: personality, emotion, adaptation, interpersonal relationship and cognition. The inventory was administered to a sample of 1100 older people above 55 in the Beijing area.Results: The final inventory included 5 components, consisting of 50 items. Acceptable internal consistency was obtained for total and component scores. Total, component and item scores were highly correlated as expected. The theoretical proposition was supported by factor analysis. Good validity was supported by high correlations between the inventory score and relevant variables in different samples.Conclusion: The mental health inventory for Chinese elderly developed in the present study attains good psychometric properties.