构造应力场研究与实践

RESEARCH AND PRACTICE ON TECTONIC STRESS FIELD

由李四光教授开创的构造应力场研究自 2 0世纪 2 0年代至今已经历 70多年。回顾其研究过程 ,展望未来发展 ,可以分为两个研究时期 :①开创研究时期( 1 92 6— 1 96 6 )。主要运用构造形迹力学性质及组合规律分析推断构造应力状态 ,重点研究构造体系及其典型构造型式的构造应力场。②实测研究时期 ( 1 96 6— )。最初通过实测地应力、地形变、断层位移以及现今构造活动的各种相关资料 ,配合模拟实验研究现今构造应力场 ;尔后对地质时期古构造应力场进行研究 ,主要采用应力、应变矿物进行应力状态定量或半定量分析 ,并配合模拟实验进行研究。实测研究时期可分为 3个研究阶段 :实测平面构造应力场研究阶段。主要以进行平面构造应力场研究为主 ;实测三维构造应力场研究阶段。以三维构造应力场研究为主并对构造应力场学科进行研究总结 ;深部构造应力场研究阶段。未来将会开展对地壳整体及地壳深部进行全面的构造应力场研究。构造应力场研究对认识地壳运动问题具有深远意义 ,在地质找矿、地质环境与灾害。

The study of tectonic stress field,which was founded by J.S.Lee,can be divided into the following two periods:①initial research period(1926—1966),which focuses on the tectonic stress fields of some typical structural patterns by the analysis of stress states of structural features.②in situ measurement period(1966—),which focuses on the plane tectonic stress field research in the former part of this period and later on the 3 D tectonic stress field study and on the deep tectonic stress field research in the future mainly by the insitu measurements of crustal deformation,crustal stress,fault displacement,rock fabrics,stress minerals,as well as modeling experiments.The research on tectonic stress field has not only the significance in exploring mineral resources,protecting geological environments,controlling geological hazards and in application in engineering construction,but also the important role in discussing crustal movement.