汉水流域水环境安全管理对策探讨

MANAGEMENT OF WATER ENVIRONMENT SAFETY IN HAN SHUI RIVER BASIN

汉水是长江中游北岸跨省级行政区的一级支流。汉水流域上游的丹江口水库为规划中的南水北调中线工程水源地 ;流域中下游工农业生产发达 ,人口密集。因此 ,汉水流域水环境安全问题备受人们关注。初步研究了汉水流域水环境安全管理问题 ,首先探讨流域水环境质量的时空变化特征 ,然后就流域水环境安全的主要点源和非点源压力因素进行了识别。结果表明 :在时间上 ,汉水流域水质总体上有逐年恶化的趋势 ,枯水期存在点源污染问题 ,丰水期存在点源和非点源污染问题 ;在空间上 ,上游干流个别江段和整个流域多数支流水质污染严重 ,丹江口水库水质良好 ,中下游干流水质时有污染现象 ;河南 -湖北省界水体存在水质污染问题。最后 ,根据汉水流域水环境质量特征及存在的问题 ,从流域水资源保护体制、法制建设、管理的理论与方法、监测和评价的内容与方法、流域水环境规划与科研、流域生态建设、行政区之间利益分配。

The Han Shui river,traversing several provinces is one of the first-order branches and situated in the middle reach and on the north bank of the Yangtze.The Danjiangkou reservoir in the upper basin is the water source of the proposed Middle Route South-North Water Transfer Project. The middle and lower basin is well developed in agricultural and industrial production and densely populated. Therefore,the water environment safety of the river basin has been attracting more and more attention in recent years. This paper focused on the Han Shui river basin management of water environmental safety. The authors studied the temporal and spatial features of water environmental quality of the river basin, and identified the major point sources and non-point sources that threatened the water environment safety.The water quality of the river basin deteriorates year by year in general,and the water pollution occurred as a result of point sources during low-flow period and also non-point sources during high-flow period.The water quality was very poor in some mainstream sections of the upper basin and in most tributaries of the whole river basin, but quite good in Danjiangkou reservoir, and moderate in the middle and lower reaches of the mainstream. There is water pollution problem in some boundary waters between Hubei and Henan provinces. Besides, the authors suggested measures for the river basin management of water environment safety based on water environment features and existing issues of the river basin.