“生态移民”政策对缓解草原生态压力的有效性分析

ANALYSIS ON ECO-MIGRATE POLICY EFFICIENCY IN GRASLAND ECOPRESS RELAXATION

内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟正遭受沙漠化的危害 ,过牧是导致沙漠化的主要原因 ,为解决此问题 ,已开始实施“生态移民”等一系列的战略措施 ;从野外考察和理论分析的结果来看 ,“生态移民”战略有可能产生意想不到的结果 ,不仅没有有效地缓解草原的生态压力 ,还可能导致过度开采绿洲有限的水资源 ;减轻草地的生态压力的根本战略措施应该是提高牧民和相关人员保护草原的意识 ,加强群众不断从实践中学习的能力 ,探索改进草原的管理模式 ,促进牧区的可持续发展。“生态移民”只能位于辅助政策的地位。

Alxa League of Inner Mongolian is located at the fringes of three big deserts and is suffering from desertification.The main causes for desertification is overgrazing and therefore ecological immigration policy is being implemented as one of the solutions.However,this policy can produce counterintuitive results based on the field work and theoretical analysis.Not only can it relieve the pressure on grassland ecological system but also lead to over consumption of limited water resources.This paper suggests that the radical policy to relieve the grassland pressure is to raise environmental awareness among the herdsmen and other stakeholders and to improve learning capacity of the communities and the institutions to explore effective and sustainable management framework.Ecological immigration policy should only implemented as a facilitating one.