华南地区生态农业的模式、集约化和配套技术

Models and Intensification and Relative Techniques of Ecological Agriculture in Southeastern China

在华南地区热带亚热带自然条件和改革开放的社会经济 发展条件下，应当因势利导，趋利避害，建立相应的生态农业模式。如丘陵山地的乔－灌－ 草模式、果－草模式、果－畜模式、草－畜模式；平原农业水田为基础的作物轮作模式，包 括水稻－水稻－绿肥、水稻－水稻－蔬菜、水稻－花生－蔬菜、水稻－玉米－蔬菜、甘薯－ 水稻－绿肥、水稻－甘蔗、水稻香蕉轮作，水稻／／红萍／／鱼套养套植；低洼地的基塘模式、 高畦深沟模式；沿海农田林网－海岸防护林带－浅海防护林的模式；腐生食物链利用模式等 。为建立与农业企业化相适应的集约生态农业体系，可以在大型和多样化的农业企业内部组 建生态农业模式，也可以在比较小规模的企业间、企业与农户间联合组建生态农业体系。在 生态农业建设中既要充分利用现代科学技术，又要积极借鉴中国农业实践的宝贵传统。

Under the tropical and subtropical climate coudifi ens and quickly de veloping social economic circumstamces in the region of southeastern China, eco-agricu ltural models, which can make efficient use of resources and avoid the disadvant age, should be established. In the hilly area, tree-bush-grass model, fruit tr ee-grass model, fruit-livestock model, grass-livestock model can be used. In the plain area, rotation systems based on paddy rice, such as rice-rice-green manure, rice-rice-vegetable, rice-peanut-vegetable, rice-corn-vegetable, s weet potato-rice-green manure, rice-sugarcane, rice-banana, rice//azula//fis hmodel can be used. In lowland area, dike-pond system and high bed-low ditch s ystem can be adopted. Along the coastal area, agroforestry-shelterbelt-mangrov e forestry system can be applied. Detritus food chain models can also be used fo r recycling agricultural by-products. In order to adapt the enterprise operatio n to optimum scale, eco-agricultural systems can be set up within a large scale agro-industries, among different small scale agro-industries, between agro -industry with farmers. Both modern science, technology and traditional experie nce accumulated in the long period practice in Chinese agriculture should be use d for established eco-agricultural systems.