新疆雪暴天气的气候特征

The Climatic Character of Snowstorm in Xinjiang

根据新疆地面气象记录月报表,整理出1961～1999年新疆42个气象观测站的雪暴天气现象资料,统计出新疆雪暴天气的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)新疆雪暴主要出现在除准噶尔盆地之外的北疆地区及南疆的帕米尔高原上,盆地、平原地区几乎没有雪暴发生。(2)新疆雪暴集中出现在60年代和70年代,1984年后在波动中逐年减少。新疆雪暴集中出现在10～4月,在11月、1月或4月最多。新疆全天都可能有雪暴发生,雪暴出现的时段相对集中在午后,夜晚发生的较少。新疆雪暴持续时间绝大多数在2.5h之内。

In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of snowstorm was analyzed on the basis of 39 years sandstorm data from 1961 to 1999 at 42 weather stations in Xinjiang. The results are as follows: (1)The snowstorm occurrence is more frequently in North Xinjiang except the Zhungaer Basin and in the Pamir Plateau in Sourth Xinjiang, there are hardly any snowstorms in basin and plain. (2) The snowstorm occurrence is more frequently in 1960s and 1970s, decreasing year after year since 1984. The snowstorm occurs from October to April, most frequently in November, January, or April. The snowstorm is able to occur all day, more frequently in afternoon and less in night. The duration of snowstorm is within 2.5 hours.