孕妇营养状况与胎儿发育迟缓及新生儿视力发育障碍的关系

Relationship between maternal nutritional stetus and intrauterine growth retardation with neonatal visual development disorder

目的 了解孕妇营养状况与胎儿发育迟缓 (IUGR)及新生儿出生后视力发育障碍的关系。方法 将 6 0例住院产妇分为两组 :即IUGR组与对照组 ,各 30例。分析孕妇 8种营养食品的摄取情况 ,用荧光法检测母血及脐血中维生素A含量 ,用吸收光谱法测定母血与脐血中铁、铜、锌含量 ,检测新生儿出生后 3～ 7d及出生后 10个月时的闪光视觉诱发电位。结果 与对照组相比 ,IUGR组孕妇的鸡蛋、猪肝与瘦肉的摄取量均明显减少 (P <0 0 5 ) ,母血及脐血中维生素A、铁含量显著降低(P <0 0 1) ,脐血中锌含量降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,新生儿闪光视觉诱发电位检测提示 ,三相波中波峰向上主波 (P10 0 )的潜伏期延长 ,幅值降低。结论 孕期富含维生素A、铁与锌等营养成分的食物摄取减少与IUGR的发生密切相关 。

Objective To investigate the relationship between the maternal nutritional stetus and the occurrence of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) with neonatal visual development disorder Methods Sixty pregnant women closed to expected date of confinement were randomly divided into 2 groups: IUGR and normal control group, each were with 30 cases Eight kinds of nutritional foods taken by the pregnant women were investigated and scored The vitamin A concentrations of maternal and umbilical blood were measured with fluorometer method The concentrations of iron, copper and zinc in maternal and umbilical blood were detected by spectrophotometer The results of examination with Flash visual evoked potentials (F VEP) were recorded by an experienced technician in neonates at 3～7 days after birth and 10 months after follow up Results Compared with the normal control, the IUGR group had taken less eggs, animal liver and fat pork during pregnancy ( P <0 05), had remarkable lower concentrations of vitamin A and iron in maternal and umbilical blood ( P <0 01), and had a lower umbilical blood zinc concentration ( P <0 05) Meanwhile, neonates with IUGR had obvious delay of the latent period of F VEP′s main positive component (P 100 )( P <0 05) and an attenuation of the P 100 with when it was measured at 3～7 days after birth and at 10th month after fellow up ( P <0 01) Conclusion The decreased intake of foods rich in vitamin A, iron, zinc and other nutritional components was closely correlated with IUGR occurrence and resulted in retardation of neonate visal development