缺铁性贫血对婴幼儿体格生长及智能行为发育的影响

Physical growth and mental development of infants with iron deficiency anemia

目的 探讨缺铁性贫血（IDA）对婴幼儿体格生长和智能行为发育的影响。方法 对264例婴幼儿的生长发育进行纵向监测,定期对体重、身高（长）、智力发育指数（MDI）、精神运动发育指数（PDI）以及行为问题进行测试,智能测试采用Bayley婴幼儿发育量表,行为测试采用Achenbach儿童行为筛查量表。根据2岁时有无IDA分为两组:1.贫血组（96例）;2.非贫血组（168例）。建立数据库,用SPSS软件进行统计学分析。结果贫血组2岁体重较对照组低（P<0.05）,1～2岁体重年增长率较对照组低（P<0.05）。2岁贫血组MDI、PDI均低于对照组,且这种改变在2.5岁贫血完全纠正时仍存在;另外2岁IDA患儿血红蛋白水平与其MDI和PDI分值呈正相关。行为方面贫血组2～3岁行为问题发生率明显高于对照组,突出表现在社交退缩和躯体诉述两个行为因子上。结论IDA对婴幼儿体格生长和智能行为发育均产生不良影响,积极防治IDA对保证婴幼儿正常生长发育具有重要意义。

Objective To investigate the effects of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) on physical growth and mental development of infants. Methods The growth and development of 264 children were longitudinally observed from birth to 3 years of age. A series of indexes were periodically measured, including weight, height, MDI, PDI, and behavior problems. Intelligence evaluation was conducted with BSID. Behavior problems were evaluated with CBCL. The subjects were divided into two groups: 1. IDA infants. 2. non-1DA infants. The statistical analyses were made by SPSS software. Results Mean weight of infants was lower in the study group than that in control group(P <0.05) at 2 years of age. The rate of weight increase per year was higher in control group than that in study group(P<0.05). Both MDI and PDI were lower in study group than those in control group at 2 years of age. Moreover, these changes were not altered until two and half years of age when anemia had been corrected. In addition, there was a positive correlation between Hb levels and MDI or PDI scores. Behavior problems were more prevalent in test group than those in control group. The severe problems were that social withdrawal and somatic problems had high incidence. Conclusions IDA has side effects on growth and development of infants. Prevention and treatment of IDA are very important in order to assure the normal growth and development of IDA children.