印楝种子中杀虫活性成分的分离提取研究

Extraction and Isolation of Pest-Killing Active Components from Neem Seeds

将印楝种子中杀虫活性成分分离成油溶性和水溶性2个混合物后,再用萃取分离法分别将各混合物分离为3个小组,含活性物质个数较多的小组用快速低压液相色谱法分离为124个极性不同的产物,分离产物中的活性物质个数用薄层色谱法鉴定,对有代表性的6个分离产物进行杀虫活性初步试验。结果表明,本试验中,用于提取和萃取印楝种仁中的杀虫活性成分的有机溶剂的搭配是目前较好的一种,能达到油溶性活性成分与油脂基本分离;用快速低压液相色谱法分离的印楝杀虫活性物质具有很高的杀虫选择性和广谱杀虫性。

Neem active components for killing pests were isolated into oil-soluble mixture and wa ter-soluble mixture which were then separated into six groups using the solvent extraction method.The groups containing more active components were separated into124products by flash chro matog ra phy.The number of active components in the products was identified by thin layer chromatog raphy.Six representative products were tested.The results showed that the combination of organic solvents used for extraction of the active pest-killing components from neem seed kernel was the best in the test.The oil-soluble active components were separated generally from the oil.The neem active pest-killing substances separated by flash chromatography showed high selectivity and broad spec trum in killing pests.