桉树人工林生物多样性研究进展

A Review of Researches on Biodiversity in Eucalyptus Plantations

桉树人工林生物多样性减少是一个普遍现象,主要表现在遗传多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性的减少。桉树人工林生物多样性减少有自然环境因素,也有人为因素。桉树生物多样性减少的后果是水土流失加剧、土地退化、林地生产力下降、生态环境劣化、生态稳定性差,但这些与生物多样性本身是多向互为因果关系,并非单向因果关系。不过桉树人工林生物多样性减少的真实原因并没有搞清楚,需要从群落或生态系统的角度深入全面加以研究,并在此基础上提出确实可行的维持桉树人工林足够高的生物多样性的整套措施。

Biodiversity reduction in Eucalyptus plantations is a common problem in forestry devel-op ment in the world.The three levels of reduction,i.e.,genetic diversity,species diversity and ecosystem diversity,may be ascribed to environmental factors and human irrational distur bance fac tors.The consequences of biodiversity reduction in Eucalyptus plantations are serious soil erosion,land degradation,productivity decrease,environmental degradation and poor ecologi cal sta bility.However,they are multi-directionally correlated,not one-directionally correlat ed.Never the less,the true nature of biodiversity reduction is not clear.Therefore,much effort must be made in terms of com munity or ecosystem researches to gain a better understanding of the causes of the bio diversity decrease.It is only on this basis that a package of measures for maintaining healthy bio di versity in Eucalyptus plantations under diversified environment can be developed.