试论马克思价值论的继承和发展

On Inheritance and Development of Marxist Theory of Value

商品是使用价值和价值的统一体 ,使用价值是商品的有用性 ,价值是商品的可交换性 ,使用价值是价值的前提。劳动力和生产资料是生产的一般要素 ,在商品经济条件下 ,随着产品转化为商品 ,产品的生产就转化为商品的生产 ,产品的生产要素也就转化为商品的生产要素。商品是使用价值和价值的统一体 ,商品的生产就是使用价值和价值的生产。劳动力和生产资料都是商品的生产要素 ,因此都是使用价值和价值的源泉。价值是由商品交换关系产生的 ,因此只能由这种关系来决定。而商品交换关系就是商品的供求关系 ,因此 ,价值实际上是由商品的供求关系来决定的。因为劳动、企业家才能、资本和土地都是生产的要素 ,并且归不同的人所有 。

The commodity is an unity of use value and value. The use value is the utility nature of commodity. The value is the exchangeable natue of commodity,the use value is a prerequisite for the value.The labour force and productive material are the general factors of production,in the conditions of commodity economy, as the products transform into commodites,the production of products transform into the production of commodities,and the productive factors transform into productive factors of commodities.The commodity is an unity of use value and value,therefore,the production of commodity is just the production of use value and value.The labour force and productive material are all the productive factors of commodites,therefore,they are all the resorces of use value and value.The value is a product of commodity exchange relation. It can only be determined by the commodity exchange relation thereby.The commodity exchange relation is just the supply--demand relation of commodity,hence,the value is in fact determined by the supply--demand relation.Because the labour,enterpriser,capital and land are all the factors of production,and are all owned by different persons,thefore,the value of commodity is distributed by factors.