市场均衡就业区间及其对社会就业的影响

The Equilibrium Employment Margin and its Influence on the Gross Employment

从分析微观调节成本入手 ,证明由于存在这种特殊的经济运行费用 ,因而传统分析中宏观层面上市场就业均衡点的两侧分别存在着“低位临界点”与“高位临界点” ,这两点界定了一个“市场均衡就业区间” ,社会就业一旦进入了该区间 ,市场机制便不可能再对其作出调节。市场均衡就业区间的主要特点在于 ,其均衡是就业区间外部而言的 ,在区间内部仍然可以存在一定程度的就业失衡 ;市场均衡就业区间内部的就业失衡是一种特殊的就业失衡 ,市场机制对之无能为力 ,一般的宏观经济政策亦无法对其发生作用。市场均衡就业区间的存在对社会就业有着多方面的重要影响 ,它使社会就业对供求总量波动的反应呈现出一定“粘性” ;使市场机制对社会就业的调节空间减小 ;使政府调控社会就业的重点二元化 ;使个体经济在缓解就业失衡压力、扩大社会就业方面占有了特殊重要的地位。

Based on an analysis on the costs of the micro-adjustment, this essay specifies an 'equilibrium employment margin' in which market mechanism fails to function. The equilibrium only exists outside the margin while inside imbalance still remains. As a result, the reaction of the gross employment to the fluctuation of the gross demand and supply appears 'adherent'; the adjustment effect of the market mechanism on employment will be weakened; the government's adjustment on employment will be decentralized; private economic sectors will play a more important role in relieving the pressure of unemployment.