美国核电厂监督管理简况及其启示

Brief Introduction of USA New Reactor Oversight Process and Suggestions for Our Country

美国核管会新的反应堆监督检查程序将监督管理力度集中在反应堆安全、辐射安全、电厂安全保卫3个领域,具体落实在初始事件、缓解系统、屏障完整性、应急准备、职业辐射安全、公众辐射安全、实体保卫这7项基本点上,并配合一系列的检查活动,达到更有效、客观、及时地评价核电厂运行安全水平的目的。结合我国核安全监督管理的实践及现状,我们应该吸取美国的经验,对有限的资源进行优化,把监管重点放在风险较大的问题上,以预防事故的发生,并适当地引入美国新的反应堆监督检查程序的一些思想及方法,发展和完善国家核安全局的监督管理模式。

The NRC New Reactor Oversight Process focuses the nuclear safety supervision on the3areas:Reactor Safety,Radiation Safety and Plant Security.Within the3areas,7cornerstones are detailed for the purpose.They are Initiating Events,Mitigating Systems,Barrier Integrity,Emergency Preparedness,Occupational Radiation Protection,Public Radiation Safety and Physical Protection.On cooperating with the inspections,the new process ensures a more effective,objective and timely evalu-ation of the safety level of the operating nuclear power plants.On considering the practices and the status in our nuclear safety supervision,we have to learn something from the NRC New Reactor Over-sight Process.We must make an optimization on our limited resources and put the emphasis on the issues with high risk in order to prevent the occurrence of the accidents.Properly inducing some ideas and methodology from the NRC New Reactor Oversight Process will benefit the development and per-fection of the supervision mode of the NNSA.