院内感染监测及细菌培养与药敏试验结果分析

A surveillance of nosocomial infections and resistance rate for bacteria

目的 :为有效控制医院感染的发生及加强医院感染的学术研究提供科学的依据。方法 :对我院 1998～ 1999年度的住院病人进行前瞻性调查及回顾性监测。结果 :总的医院感染率为 4 36 % ,年度感染率以血液科最高 ,其次为呼吸内科、心血管内科及骨科。感染部位依次为下呼吸道、胃肠道、手术伤口、泌尿道和皮肤。主要病原菌为革兰氏阴性菌( 74 1% ) ,且对多种抗生素耐药。结论 :免疫功能低下、病情重、手术、住院时间长及滥用抗生素是医院感染的主要危险因素。尽量避免不合理应用抗生素及盲目用药 。

Objective To provide scientific basis for controlling the occurrence of nosocomial infections.Mothod Two-year retrospective surveillance and prospective investigation have been done in the inpatients of our hospital during 1998～1999.Results After 2-year surveillance,the total nosocomial infection rate was 7.76%,annual infection rate of the department of heamotology was the higest one (18.4%),followed by the respiratory department (11.74%) ,the cardiovascular department (11.25%)and the department orthopedics (7.36%).The infected area was ordered from deep respiratory tract to gastrointestinal tract,operation wound,urinary tract and to skin.The main pathogenic bacteria was G -bacilli(74.1%),which was resistant to many kinds of antibiotics.Conclusion The risk factors of nosocomial infections were immunodepression,serious illness,operation,long time in hospital and unsuitable application of antibiotics.It is suggested that avoiding the unsuitable and blind application of antibiotics would reduce the risk of hospital infection.