家兔下颌骨血管构筑的研究

Study of Vascular Architecture of the Rabbit's Mandible

对12只家兔下颌骨的血管进行造影、铸型、墨汁灌注及组织切片观察，发现下列结果：（1）下颌骨体的颊侧粘骨膜由面动脉分支供应，舌侧粘骨膜由颏下动脉和舌下动脉的分支共同供应。下颌支表面的粘骨膜由局部肌动脉供应，这些肌动脉分别来自面动脉、颞浅动脉、上颌动脉、下牙槽动脉的分支。（2）下颌骨的体接受来自其粘骨膜动脉的供血，但主要是接受下牙槽动脉供血；下颌支接受局部肌动脉和粘骨膜动脉的供血。（3）下颌骨皮质内和骨孔内的小动脉、小静脉和毛细血管，它们向内与骨内牙周膜和骨髓腔内的血管有丰富的交通；向外与骨外粘骨膜的血管有丰富的交通。这些血供特点为下颌骨截骨术后移动骨块能从粘骨膜蒂得到血运代偿提供了形态基础。

The blood supply of the mandible of rabbit was investigated in 12 specimens by angiography, ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styene) casting mould, ink perfusion and histological section. The results obtained were: (1)The buccal side mucoperiostea of the mandibularbody were supplied by the branches of the facial artery, and the lingual side mucoperiosteaby the branches of the sublingual and submental artery. The mucoperiostea of the mandibular ramus were supplied by local muscular arteries which came from the fateal artery, the superficial temporal artery, the maxillry artery and the inferior alveolar artery. (2) Themandibular body received its blood supply from mucoperiosteal artery, and mainly from theinferior alveolar artery; while the mandibular ramus from both the mucoperiostial artery andthe branches of muscula arteries. (3)Small arteries, veins and capillaries were situated inthe mandibular cortex and at osseous foramina. They communicated freely with the vesselsof endosteal periodontium and intramedullary vessels inside, and with extraosseous mucoperiosteum outside. These features of the mandibular blood supply provided a morphologic fundament for establishment of blood compensation from the mucbperiostial stalk to the movedbone segments after osteotomy in orthognathic surgery.