旱地果园微径流系统及间套模式研究

Research on Micro Runoff water System and Intercrop Model for Orchards in Dry Land

在旱地果园行间修筑屋脊式双面产流坡 ,并用新型宽幅地膜覆盖坡面 ,天然降水通过膜面径流至植树带 ,使降水在田间的平均水平分布变为集中垂直分布。同时在植树带内采用秸秆覆盖方式保水。 1995～ 1997年 3年的试验证明 :①产流率可达 59.6 %～ 87.5% ,使植树带内水量比对照增加同期降水量的 1.8～ 2 .6倍 ,达到 50 2～ 182 5mm ;②果树主干横截面积比对照增加 58.0 % ,新梢生长总量增加 4 0 .4 % ;③修筑该集水保水系统每公顷首年的工料投入为 1350± 30 0元 ,有效使用时期为 5～ 9月份 ,约 150d ;④果树结果前期 ,在膜边际间作蔓性作物如甘薯、番茄、西瓜等 ,每公顷产值分别可达 72 0 0 ,132 0 0和 180 0 0元。

In spring 1995,two sides runoff slopes like gable roof were built and covered with plastic film between the pear tree strips.Rainfall runs off to the plant strip.It converts the uniform distribution of rainfall into convergence in soil.In tree strips, stalk was covered to keep soil moisture .From 1995～1997,the result showed:①the run off rate reached 59.6%～77.4%,the total water of rainfall and the water run off to planting stripe was 502～1 825mm and increased by 1.8～2.6 times in contrast with CK; ②the mean trunk cross sectional and total new shoots growth of the pear tree were 58.0% and 40.4 % higher than CK;③to build this two sides runoff slopes and cover plastic film needed about 1 350±300 Renminbi Yuan per hectare, the plastic film could be used efficiently from May to September,about 150 days;④along the two edges of film,sweet potato,tomato and watermelon were planted and the income were 7 200,13 200 and 18 000 Renminbi Yuan per hectare.