四川栽培小麦幼胚愈伤组织胚状体形成能力变异性研究

Variability of somatic embryogenesis capability of immature embryo calli from Sichuan wheat cultivars

根据体细胞胚胎的早熟萌发特性 ,幼胚愈伤组织继代培养过程中胚状体的早熟萌发表现 ,对四川栽培小麦品种、品系以及农家品种共 4 5个基因型的胚状体形成能力进行了遗传变异性考察。结果表明 ,供试材料间体细胞胚胎发育能力具有极显著差异。表现为继代培养一个月时基因型间萌发芽、根器官频率极显著不同 ,变幅分别为 0 0 0～ 94 74 %和 0 0 0～ 35 0 0 % ;继续培养到 80d时 ,多数材料能持续稳定地表达叶状体化、芽化及苗化能力 ,其变异性仍维持在0 0 0 1显著水平上。同时 ,基因型间平均从每外植体胚胎愈伤组织上萌发达 1 0cm以上的芽数及其芽长均存在极显著差异。供试材料中 ,2 138、竹叶青、 980、绵阳 15和J A57等具有较强的胚状体化能力。

According to the fiber of the precocious germination of somatic embryos subcultured in the cytokinin-free medium,the genetic variability of somatic embryogenesis capability of immature embryo calli from 45 common wheat genotypes,including the improved commercial breeds,varietal lines and local cultivars in Sichuan province,was investigated.The results showed that the difference of embryoid formation among the cultivars tested was significantly observed.The χ 2 test indicated that after the calli were transferred onto the subculture medium for 30 days,the frequencies of shoot and root germination,due to the precocious embryoid germination,were significantly different among the genotypes,and ranged from 0 00 to 94 74% and from 0 00 to 35 00%,respectively.When the calli were subcultured for 80 days,the difference among the genotypes was significant at the 0 001 level,and most of the materials were able to maintain the competence to form the leaflike green regions,buds and plantlets.In addition,the variance analysis showed that the difference of average numbers of buds,which derived from each embryo callus of explants and whose length was up to 1 0cm,was highly significant among genotypes,and the difference of the mean length of the longest buds derived from each callus among genotypes was highly significant as well.Of the 45 tested cultivars,the genotypes such as 2138,Zhuyeqing,980,Mianyang 15 and J-A57 revealed better capability of embryoid formation.