广东省桉树人工林生态问题评价

A REVIEW ON ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EUCALYPTUS PLANTATION IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE

桉树是广东省人工造林的主要树种之一 ,并带来了十分显著的经济效益和社会效益。大面积桉树人工林存在着地力迅速消耗、水土流失、破坏林地水分平衡等问题 ,这主要是由于不适当的人为经营活动和一些外界因素所造成的。椐研究 ,桉树对水分和养分利用率是比较高的 ,由于生长量大 ,桉树对水分和养分的消耗量也较大 ,但桉树本身并不会产生不可逆转的生态危害。

The most of ecological problems, such as fast depletion of soil nutrient, soil erosion and water imbalance, caused by Eucalyptus plantations in Guangdong Province are reviewed in this paper. Eucalyptus have been the dominant tree species of plantations in Guangdong Province, having brought highly economic and social benefits. The research results from observation and experiments in Eucalyptus plantations showed that negative impacts of ecology were mainly attributed to incorrect management, including some socioeconomic factors in local residents. All kinds of trees and plants have to adapt to environment around them, absorbing water and nutrients to survive, with consequences of ecological impacts on environment. Eucalyptus forest plantations have a higher ratio in utilization of soil water and nutrients, and need more of them supplied in the sites during the course of growing season due to its fast growing rate. So, Eucalyptus itself doesn't lead to unavoidable ecological risks in Guangdong Province in the future.