20世纪科尔沁的农业开发与土地利用变化

The development of agriculture and changes of land use in Horqin in the20th century

科尔沁现代农业的雏形出现于清代早期。它的出现和发展打破了该区延续几个世纪的纯游牧状态,使得科尔沁地区逐渐演变成今天的农牧交错区。通过分析科尔沁近代农耕的出现及其扩展过程,尤其从它20世纪的发展历程可以发现,20世纪是垦殖真正推进到科尔沁草原的时期,而垦殖的主要扩展则发生在清代末期的土地丈放和建国初期的开荒时期。大面积土地的沙漠化成为该区20世纪最显著的景观变化,“科尔沁草原”被改变成“科尔沁沙地”。

The rudiment of modern agriculture in Horqin appeared in the early Qing Dynasty,the development of which broke the lifeway of nomadism existing for centuries,and turned Horqin Grassland into an interlocking area between farming and slockbreeding.Based on the analysis of the development process of modern farming from appearance to expansion,especially the development process of the20th century,the study holds that land reclamation in the20th century played an important role in the formation process of land desertification,and large scale land expansion appeared in the late Qing Dynasty and right after liberation,eventually turning Horqin Grassland into present Horqin Sandy Land.