生态系统健康及其评价指标和方法

Ecosystem health and its evolution indicator and method

生态系统健康是一门研究人类活动、社会经济组织、自然系统和人类健康的跨学科综合性学科。如果一个生态系统是稳定、持续和活跃的,能够维持其组织结构,受到干扰后能够在一段时间内自动恢复过来的话,则这个生态系统是健康和不受胁迫综合症影响的。生态系统健康的基本原理有动态性原理、层次性原理、创造性原理、相关性原理和脆弱积累性原理等5个原理。论文提出了包括活力、组织和恢复力在内的生态系统健康的8个评价指标,具体地介绍了生态系统健康的活力、组织结构和恢复力的评价方法。目前生态系统健康研究还处在发展的初始阶段,也存在不少的问题,在进一步发展生态系统健康理论的同时,需要依靠遥感和GIS等技术来对它进行定量化研究,以促进生态系统健康的发展。

Ecosystem health is a multidisciplinary integrative field exploring the interrelations between human activity,social organization,natural systems,and human health.An ecological sys-tem is healthy and free from'distress syndrome 'if it is stable and sustainable,i.e.,if it is active and maintains its organization,and autonomy over time and is resilient to stress.The basic ecolog-ical axioms of evolution ecosystem health include the axiom of dynamism,the axiom of hierarchy,the axiom of creativity,the axiom of relatedness and the axiom of differential fragility.The evolu-tion components of ecosystem health include eight criteria,e.g.,vigor,organization,resilience,etc.E-cosystem health is at the early stage of development,and there are some problems to solve.As we further develop the theory of ecosystem health,the quantitative methods,particularly those from the development of remote sensing applications and GIS technique will contribute to the capacity to analyse and evaluate ecosystem health over large areas.The advanced technique will promote its further development.