大豆雄性不育系和大豆资源有关开花授粉性状的研究

A STUDY ON POLLINATION-RELATED TRAITS IN SOYBEAN MALE-STERILE LINES AND SOYBEAN GERMPLASM

对大豆质核互作和核雄性不育材料有关开花授粉性状的研究表明 ,花粉传媒花蓟马密度在可育株与不育株之间无显著差异 ,同一材料内不育株的龙骨瓣开张度比可育株大 ;NJCMS2A与NJCMS1A间、N6 9- 2 772 (ms2 )与N6 9- 2 771(ms1)、N6 9- 2 773(ms3)间的龙骨瓣开张度无明显差异。NJCMS2A的异交率比NJCMS1A高 ,恰好NJCMS2B的散粉性比NJCMS1B好。类似地 ,N6 9- 2 772不育株的异交率高于其他两个核雄性不育材料 ,恰好N6 9- 2 772可育株的散粉性也比其他两个核雄性不育材料的可育株好。NJCMS1A的柱头活力可以保持 2 5天 ,花瓣对柱头的活力有保护作用。NJCMS1A的BC5:7家系间以及单株间雌性育性存在显著差异 ,且筛选到雌性育性较好的家系。对大豆资源有关开花授粉性状的研究表明 ,大豆资源中花瓣大小、龙骨瓣开张度、散粉性、单花花粉量、花蓟马密度等性状存在很大变异。野生大豆的花远小于栽培豆 ,野生豆的花蓟马密度、龙骨瓣开张度等性状与栽培豆无显著差异 ,野生豆的散粉性比栽培豆好 ;从 310份种质资源中筛选到 30份散粉性较好的材料、16份龙骨瓣开张度较大的材料以及

The investigation for pollination-related traits in soybean cytoplasm-nuclear male-sterile lines and nuclear male sterile lines showed that no significant difference in density of flower-thrips was detected between male-fertile and male sterile plants.The opening degree of keel petals(ODKP) of male-sterile plants was bigger than that of male-fertile plants in a same material. No obvious difference of ODKP was detected between NJCMS1A and NJCMS2A and between N69-2772(ms2) and N69-2771 (ms1) N69-2773(ms3). Outcrossing rate of NJCMS2A was bigger than of NJCMS1A, while the pollen dispersiveness of NJCMS2B happened to be better than that of NJCMS1B. Similarly, outcrossing rate of malesterile plants of N69-2772 was bigger than that of other two nuclear male-sterile lines, while the pollen dispersiveness of male-fertile plants of N69-2772 also happened to be better than that of other two nuclear male-sterile lines. The stigma viability of NJCMS1A could maintain 2.5 days, and petals could have function to protect the stigma viability. Significant differences of female fertility was detected among BC 5.7 families of NJCMS1A and among plants of NJCMS1A, and the BC 5.7 families with better female fertility were screened out. The results on soybean germplasm showed that obvious varation was detected for the traits of petal size, ODKP, pollen dispersiveness, number of pollens per flower, density of flower-thrips. The flowers of G.soja were much smaler than that of G.max, and the pollen dispersiveness of G.soja was better than that of G.max. No significant difference in ODKP and density of flower-thrips was detected between G.max and G.soja. And 30 materials with better pollen dispersiveness, 16 materals with larger ODKP and 4 materials with both were screened out.