吉林省主要耕作土壤中含钾矿物组成及其与不同形态钾的关系

Relationship between composition of K-bearing minerals and potassium status of cultivated soils in Jilin Province

通过化学分析 ,X 射线衍射及镜检法研究了黑土、白浆土、黑钙土等吉林省主要耕作土壤的含钾矿物组成及不同形态钾的含量。结果表明 ,土壤中的含钾矿物以含钾长石和伊利石为主 ,钾长石主要集中在土壤砂粒部分 ,伊利石主要存在于土壤的粘粒部分。土壤的含钾矿物总量约占土壤矿物总量的 1/ 3多些 ,比南方土壤高 ;缓效钾含量丰富 ,供钾潜力大 ;速效钾含量在黑土、黑钙土中较高 ,而在白浆土中稍低。 3种土壤的全钾量与含钾矿物总量、粘粒中伊利石含量与粘粒含钾量、伊利石含量与缓效钾量、细砂中含钾长石含量与细砂中全钾量、缓效性钾与速效性钾之间呈极显著或显著相关。

This paper deals with the composition of K bearing minerals and the contents of potassium statues of main cultivation soils in Jilin Province (black , albic, chernozem) by using chemical methods, assaying of minerals and X ray diffraction methods. The results show that K feldspar and Illite were chief K bearing minerals in three kinds of soils in Jilin Province. The K feldspar was mainly concentrated in the fractions of 20～200μm and Illite was mainly concentrated in the fractions of <2μm of soils tested.The total amount of K bearing mineral in them testing were more than 1/3 of the total amount of minerals in soils, their order will be chernozem>black>albic. \ \ The contents of total K in them all were higher than 25.0 g/kg , and it is higher than that of distributed in the southern China. Potassium supplying power of the testing soils is higher,rapidly K was higher in chernozem and black , but it was lower in albic. \ \ Soil total K was well correlated with the contents of total contents of K bearing minerals, and soil Illite was well correlated with soil slowly avail able K. So Illite is main source of K in clay, K feldspar is main source of K in fine sand, Illite and K feldspar are main source of K in silt. The total amount of K bearing minerals usually dominate over the content of total K.