创新能力的心理学分析及学生创新能力的培养

The psychological analysis of inventive abih'ty and the cultivation of students' inventiveness

创新与创造在本质上同义,而前者较为宽泛,更适用于教育范畴。学生的创新能力指对自己来说是新颖而独特的思想、办法、操作甚至发现、发明新事物的能力。创新能力的结构须以一定的智力为基础,以创新性思维特别是发散思维为核心,以实践能力为支柱,而以创新型人格特征为动力。学生创新能力的培养应树立普遍、早期、整体的观点,用好课堂教学、课外活动、专题讲授的渠道,培育和谐活跃、发展创新人格特征的环境。

Inventiveness and creation are semantically identical in essence, but the former is more extensive and pertinent to the field of education. Students' inventive ability find expression in their own inventive and individualistic thought, method, operation and especially their ability of discovering and inventing new things. The formation of inventive ability should be based on certain intelligence, centered on inventive thinking, esp. divergence thinking, pillared at the practical ability and motivated by creating new personal characteristics. The cultivation of students' inventive ability should be featured in universality, early time and integrity, and requires a command of the ways of classroomteaching, extracurricular activities and lectures on special topics and thus produces an environment of harmony andactiveness to develop the inventive personalities of students.