长瓜高效杂交制种技术研究初报

Preliminary Studies on the Effective Technique of Cross-Fertilizing Reproduction in Bottle Gourd

长瓜杂交制种技术初步研究结果表明 :用浓度为 15 0mg·kg-1的乙烯利在长瓜幼苗具 2片和 5片真叶时分别喷 1次 ,能明显增加长瓜早期雌花数 .上午 7∶0 0、8∶0 0进行人工授粉 ,用 5A保险丝扎花 ,生产的长瓜种子产量和质量都较理想 .第 2雌花或第 3雌花子蔓节位的种瓜留种较好 ,单株选留 1～ 2根瓜较为适宜 .长瓜授粉后 45～ 5 0d采收 ,并再经过 5～ 10d的后熟 ,这样种子质量好 ,产量高 .在长瓜初花期和盛花期喷施0 .2 %的硼砂或 0 .2 %磷酸二氢钾 +0 .2 %硼砂可明显提高受精结实率 。

The technique of cross fcrtilizing reproduction in Bottle Gourd was studied in this paper.The results indicated that spraying 150 mg·L -1 ethylene on Bottle Gourd at the 2nd leaf duration and the 5th leaf duration could respectively raise the number of female flowers at their early stage.The optimum time for artificial pollination is from 7∶00 to 8∶00 a.m.and it is efficient to bind flowers with SA fuse after pollination.It is better to leave 1-2 fruits for propagation and the seed fruit on the 2nd or 3rd female flower node of lateral branches is better than other flower nodes.Good auality and high yield could be achieved when Bottle Gourds are picked 45 50days after pollination and are left post ripening for 5-10 days Spraying 0.2% H 3BO 3 or 0.2% H 3BO 3 +0.2%KH 2PO 4 at the early stage of flowering period and in the middle stage of flowering period could significantly increase fruit and seed yield of Bottle Gourd.