近代中国的榨油手工业和磨粉手工业

On the oil-extracting Handicraft and Flour-milling Handicraft in Modern China

榨油业和磨粉业在中国传统手工行业中地位显要 ,近代史上 ,在种种内外因素的作用下 ,又表现出大致相似的演变过程和行业特征。榨油业中 ,渐有新式机器油厂的出现 ,并在各地次第发展 ,但是部分工序仍以手工作业为主 ,而且旧式油坊的数量和产值始终占据行业的绝大比重。磨粉业中 ,机器磨坊的兴起来势颇为迅猛 ,产值在近代中国新式民族工业中位居第二 ,但机械化程度并不完全 ,同时 ,手工磨粉仍然并行不衰 。

Oil-extracting handicraft and flour-milling handicraft occupied an important position in the departments of traditional Chinese handicraft.In modern China,they showed general resemblance of the development courses and the industrial characteristics.In oil-extracting handicraft,the new mechanical factories gradually emerged and developed in some areas,but the manual operations still were main ways in their parts of work.Moreover,the amount and output value of the old oil-extracting workshop still occupied the overwhelming majority of the industry from beginning to end during the Chinese modern history.The situation of flour milling handicraft was more or less the same.The new mechanical flour mill sprang up and developed swiftly and violently,and took up the second position in the output value of new national industries in modern China.But the level of mechanization of new flour mill was not complete,meanwhile the handiwork mill still existed side by side with the new flour mill,and occupied the overwhelming majority of the market for a long time.