康德崇高美之我见

My Opinion on Kant's Sublime Aesthetics

从崇高的内涵来看 ,康德把崇高分为客体的崇高、客体表象的崇高和心意情调的崇高 ,揭示了崇高作为审美范畴和审美客体的客观性 ,弘扬了崇高的主体性。从崇高的根源来看 ,康德把崇高的根源归因于主体的内部机能 ,试图克服崇高事物的巨大威力与主体恐惧心理的矛盾 ,分析二者的对立与统一 ,不是统一于崇高事物 ,而是统一于主体的内部机能 ,从而凸出了主体的勇气、力量和自我尊严感 ,也倡导了主体对客体的超越。康德还深刻地揭示了崇高的心理机制 :由崇高的事物审美感官难以把握产生痛感理性观念引导想像力自由驰骋掌握崇高的事物产生崇高感。康德的崇高理论代表了德国古典美学崇高理论的最高成就 ,为现代崇高理论的发展作了坚实铺垫。

Judged by connotation, Kant classified sublime into objective sublime, the sublime of objective idea and the sublime of purposeful sentimentality, which reveal the objectivity of the sublime as the scope and object of aesthetics, and expand the subjectivity of aesthetic perception. Judged by the root, Kant attributed it to the sublime's internal function, tried to overcome the conflicts between the great power of the sublime matters and the subject's frightened mind, analyzed their antithesis and unity, which didn't unify into the sublime, but into the subject's internal function, thus stressed the subject's courage, power and the sense of self-respect, and also advocated the subject's surpassing over the object. Kant also profoundly revealed the psychological mechanism of sublime: from the objects of sublime → the aesthetic sense hard to hold → painful feeling appearing → Rational concept directing the imagination to soar freely → mastering the objects of sublime → the sublime feeling appearing. Kant's theory on sublime represents the supreme achievements of the classical German aesthetic theory on sublime, which paved a solid way for the development of the modern theory of sublime.