微生物肥料及其生产应用中的问题

Microbial fertilizer and some problems in field application

微生物肥料和微生物制剂是新世纪实行绿色农业的重要技术保障 ,关键是因其中含有大量的有效微生物的生命活动产生特定的肥效或其他生理功能 ,导致增产。微生物肥料包括根瘤菌肥、解磷菌肥、解钾菌肥、5 4 0 6菌肥、植物根际促生菌、VA菌根等等。有机肥料堆制剂中含有多种降解农业有机废料的菌种 ,可缩短堆肥周期 ,提高养份利用率。由于微生物本身的特殊性 ,相关市场监督机制不健全 ,微生物肥料的生产、应用领域存在很多问题 ,甚至出现明显的伪科学。科研、生产、行政各有关部门应加强基础研究 ,提高全民科普水平 ,健全市场监督机制 ,依靠专家设计严格试验 ,优选可靠技术 。

Microbial fertilizer (MF) and microbial products are the important technique guarantee for green agriculture in the new century.The key point of MF is that in the fertilizer there must be enough amount of microorganisms which have fertilizer effect and other physiological function to plants,and these kinds of effects or function may increase the production.MF includes rhizobia,microbe improving the dissolution of P and K,5406 strain,plant growth promotion rhizosphere microorganisms (PGPR),VA mycorrhiza,et al.There are many microbes,decomposing large molecular organic matter,in the production of organic fertilizer,and these microbes can shorten the period of organic fertilizer and raise the utilizing rate of plant nutrients.There are some problems in the production and utilization of MF because of the speciality of microbes and the shortage of supervising mechanism in market.It is important to support the basic theoretic research,make laws for this field,select excellent techniques to guarantee satisfactory economic and social benefits.