电压依赖性钾通道与人类神经性疾病

Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels and Human Neurological Diseases

电压依赖性钾通道是钾通道超家族中成员最多 ,最为复杂的亚家族。主要包括Kvα亚单位和辅助亚单位两部分。其中快速失活A型通道和毒蕈碱敏感的M通道已被大量研究。它们广泛分布于神经系统 ,主要参与各种生理和病理作用 ,如膜兴奋性的产生、神经递质的释放、神经元细胞的增殖和退化 ,以及神经网络的信号传递等。目前发现Kv通道亚型或亚单位的突变与学习和记忆的损伤、共济失调、癫痫。

Voltage gated potassium channels (Kv) is the largest, most complex in potassium channel superfamily. It can be divided into Kv α subunit and auxiliary two groups. The roles of some Kv channels types, e.g. rapidly inactivating (A Type channel) and muscarine sensitive channels (M type channel) are beginning to be understood. They are prominent in nervous system, acting in delicate and accurate ways to control or modify many physiological and pathological functions including membrane excitability, neurotransmitter release, cell proliferation or degeneration, signal transduction in neuronal network. Many human neurological disease pathgenesis are found to be related to mutant of Kv channels subunit or subtype, such as, learning and memory impairing, ataxia, epilepsy, deafness, etc.