试析英属北美殖民地的社会关系及民族的形成

Analysis of Social Relationship in British Colonies in North America and the Formation of the Nation

在北美殖民地时期 ,使用土地的人都必须向地主缴纳代役租。所谓“代役租”是不根据土地的市价而规定的固定地租 ,是封建关系的主要残余 ,是具有封建性质的对直接生产者的剥削方式。所以北美殖民地广大农民始终进行着反对代役租的斗争 ,而占地则是最重要的斗争方式。到 18世纪初 ,北美各殖民地的经济发展已经把他们的政治和国家独立的问题提到了日程。到独立战争时 ,共同的地域和共同的语言已经形成 ,各殖民地间的经济生活和经济利益已有一定的共同性 ,并出现了美利坚民族的共同文化 ,美利坚合众国最终形成了。

In the period of North-America Colony,those who cultivated the land had to pay the land-rent to the landlords. The so-called land-rent was the regular rent having been stipulated not in accordance with the market price of the land,being mode of feudalist exploitation for the productive labourer,which shows survivals of feudalism. As a result,the broad masses of peasants were waging incessant struggle against the fixed rent, and the most important ways they had chosen were to occupy the land. Up to the beginning of the 18th Century, the issues of their political affairs and the national independence began to be put on the order of the day owing to the development of economy. In the period of the War of Independence, the shared territory and the common language took shape. There was definite generality in their economic life and economic interests among colonies and the common culture of the American nation came into being, resulting in the formation of the United States of America in the end.