森林永续利用的原则不能动摇

The Invoilable Principle of Sustained Forest Utilization

地球人口负荷接近饱和条件下,一切可更新资源都必须实行永续利用,森林也不例外。中国印度等只有提高生产力,才可能实现森林永续利用。多数发展中国家的资源并不贫乏,为实现永续利用,必须解决一系列的科技、政治经济问题。发达国家高层次的森林永续利用,也仍把提高生产力放在核心地位。

The sustained utilization of renewed resources is the foundation for hu-man existence and social development. Since in the early 1970s, there occurred thecrisis of energy resource, the value of forest resources have become more and moreclear to people. It is emphatically suggested that the principles of sustained utilizationmust be adhered to when emphasis is placed on the utilization of forest resources.However, in sustained forest utilization, each country has its own particular prob-lems to tackle. In China and India, much attention is paid to afforestation, but lessattention paid to the management of existing forests leads to the decrease of soil fertil-ity in the forests. The calculation by the India n Agricultural Coucil shows that theforest productivity in India is only 1 / 20 of that in the European countries. In com-parison with the domestic potential forest productivity, it is only 1 / 10 of the latterin India. Hence, the sustained utilization of forest resources can be realized only bylarge scale promotion of the forest productivity. Except a few countries like Chinaand India, in most of other countries forest resources are not under the excessive load of timber production and fuelwood gathering, and have not faced a crisis. Inthe developed countries, the forests give an average annual yield of timber andfuelwood of 1.19m^3, while in the developing countries it is only 0.55m^3. In view ofthe present situation, the cause that the developing countries cannot apply the prin-ciple of sustained utilization to the forest management is not simply the technology,there also exist the problems of politics, economics and social involvement. In thehigh levels of sustained forest utilization in the developing countries, highest priori-ty is set on the promotion of forest productivity. In Germany effort is being made toregulate the species structure and tree age structure of forests, so that the forestsmay be near a natural forest state, more amenable to the requirements of ecologicenvironment, and the forests may have an ideal growing stock for a stable and sus-tained production.