“离农”与韩国农业的现状

About Population Moving out from Countryside and the Present Condition of Agriculture in Korea

韩国自 194 5年独立到 1999年间 ,伴随着工业化的高速进展 ,农村人口也大量流失 ,占总人口的比重由 70 %下降到 9%,使得目前的农村劳动力严重不足与老龄化。人口的减少与剧烈的两极分化 ,使出租地增加到总耕地面积的 4 0 %以上 ,而且基本上是土改前租佃关系的翻版 ,不利于机械化与生产效率的提高。由于农业危机 ,韩国政府希望通过建立股份化的农场 ,使农业生产规模化、现代化 ,并为此做了很多努力 ,但进展不太顺利。

Population moved out from countryside rapidly in the process of Korean industrialization from 1945 to 1999.The amount of population still living in countryside dropped from 70% to 9% in the proportion of total population.This kind of situation resulted in a series of problems,such as inadequate manpower,ageing population,serious polarization and the reproduction of the old tenancy relationship etc.The government of Korea made every effort to that end by modernization of agriculture,but the resolving of these problems proceeded difficultly.