清末新政的思想基础

On the Ideological Basis of the New Policies Practised in the Last Years of the Qing Dynasty

清末新政是在西方列强 入侵、中国人深感国家一定要富强起来的社会背景下出现 的。新政思想体系的主体部分由江楚会奏三折构成，所提出的变法措施集中在兴学育才、整 顿中法、采用西法三个方面。新政思想体系包含有戊戌思潮的基本思想成分。立宪要求以一 种新面孔充实进新政思想，并显示出其具备了起到中坚作用的实际价值，从而将新政思想升 华到它所能达到的时代最高点。清末新政思想吸纳自强思潮、洋务思潮、戊戌思潮、立宪思 潮中的合理成分，它推动了２０世纪初中国社会经济快步向近代化方向前进，引发了政治也必 须近代化这一社会变迁的关键性活动。由于新政思想的最高点是保留“满人”皇帝前提下的 君主立宪，所以当辛亥革命胜利已成定局时，新政运动再怎么搞也挽救不了清政府垮台的厄 运了。

The ideology as the basis for the new polici es in the final years of the Qing Dynasty,absorbed and assimilated the rational elements from the respec tive ideological trends of becoming strong through one's own efforts,the Wester nization Movement,the Reform Movement of 1898,and constitutionalism,and it gave impetus to a rapid advance of the Chinese social economy to modernization in the beginning of the 20th century,which touched off the key activities of the socia l change demanding that politics must too be modernized.But due to the fact that the most essential point of the ideologe for the new policies was to retain“th e Emperor of the Man nationality”as a prerequisite of constitutional monarchy,t he movement of the new policies could no longer save the government of the Qing Dynasty from its collapse,when the victory of the Revolution of 1911 was to be a n inevitable outcome.