利奥塔《后现代状态》中的合法化模式

An Analysis the Legitimization Pattern in Lyotard's The Post-modern Condition

利奥塔以语言游戏方法 探讨合法化问题。他对语言游戏的独特理解体现于两条原 则即游戏的竞技特性和语言的社会关系特性。从哲学史、科学史和逻辑发展史角度看，语言 游戏显现为现代理性认识的必然替代物。游戏是前苏格拉底的希腊假设。科学语言的出现和 自身分离，导致科学与叙事（社会）的矛盾。一方面，科学向叙事提出合法化要求；另一方面 ，科学又必须借助叙事才能使自身合法化。因此，真理和正义是合法化问题不可分割的两个 方面。后现代社会不能延续现代大叙事的合法化模式。但又必然借助叙事，那就是小叙事。 小叙事的特点由ｐａｒａｌｏｇｉｅ表征，正如大叙事的特点由ｍéｔａｄｉｓｃｏｕｒｓ（元话语）表征一样。

Lyotard uses the method of language games to inv estigate the problem of legitimization.His unique understanding of language game s gives expression to two principles,that is,the conpetitive property of games,a nd the specific property of social relationship of language.From the point of vi ew of histories of philosophy,science and logical development,language games app ear to be a body of necessary substitutes for modern rational knowledge.Games ar e a pre-socratic hyp othesis in Greece.The appearance of the scientific language and its own separati on results in the(social)contradiction between science and narration.On the one hand,science requires legitimization of narration,on the other hand,science must draw support from narration for its own legitimization.Truth and justice are,th erefore,the two inseparable sides of the problem of legitimization.Post-modern society cannot go on with the legitimization pattern of greater narration,but m ust necessarily have the aid of narration,and that is the smaller one.The smalle r narration is characterized by paralogie in its representation,just as the grea ter narration by metadiscourse in its representation.