试论状语与状态补语的区别

Difference of Adverbial and Complement

本文对由谓词性成分充任的状语与状态补语进行了对比、研究，指出这两类成分之间的差异是由它们与相关谓语动词在语义结构关系上的不同造成的。补语指称的是由动词指称的动作行为所引发的新情况，动词指称的动作行为是补语指称的状况的生发点；而状语指称的则是一个伴随性状况，与动作本身不发生直接的联系，不影响动作行为的主要进程。作者认为，状语、补语和相关谓语动词在句法层次上的语序的排列与它们在语义层次上的时间顺序密切相关。

This is a paper of the author＇s comparative research of adverbial with adjective and complement. The difference of adverbial and complement results from the difference of the semantic structures. Complement states the new condition caused by the action implied by the predicate verb, thus the action implied by the predicate verb is the origin of the condition implied by the complement. Whereas the adverbial implies the accompanying status, does not has direct connection with the action and therefore does not have effect on the process of the action. The word order of adverbial, complement and relevant predicate verb in syntactic construction correlates closely with their timely order.