后稷孕生与周人的祖先崇拜及后世观念的变异

On the Worships of Ancestor During Zhou Dynasty and Later Scholars' Different Understandings──Seen through the Story of Pregnant-birth of Hou Ji

《诗·大雅·生民》是周人追述始祖后稷的一篇传略 ,世述后稷的故事皆源于此。由于对《生民》某些字句的理解不同 ,而时代观念的变化也影响着对《生民》的理解 ,所以在解释《生民》和撰写后稷史传时就产生了诸多分歧 ,特别是关于姜怀孕、生育后稷的过程 ,形成了多种不同的说法 ,这些分歧也反映了周人及后世思想文化、社会道德等观念上的变化和差异 ,也反映了姜后稷时代的婚姻形态、部族民俗的某些特征。

The poem'Shengmin'of the daya section of The Book of Songs is the biography of Hou Ji ,the ancestor of Zhou people, originated during Zhou Dynasty, and is the original sources for such history traditions of later centuries. But for the deferent understanding of the text Shengmin itself, and the transformation of people's thoughts during deferent historical epochs, there appeared many bifurcations in explainings on Shengmin and the biographies of Hou Ji, especially on the Stories of Jiang Yuan's pregnant and her giving-birth to Hou Ji. Shengmin desplayed some characteristics of marriage-custom during the epoch of Hou Ji, and all those deferent understandings reflected the transformation and changes among Chinese people from Zhou to later centuries on the cultural thoughts and social moralities.