大青沟自然保护区大型真菌对沙地环境的适应与气候条件的相关性

Adaptation to Desert Environment of Macrofungi and Relativity with Climate Conditions in Daqinggou Natural Reserve

大青沟自然保护区与其周边地区相比具有极其丰富的种类多样性 ,生境异质性较丰富 ,具木生、土生、粪生、虫生和菌根菌等 5种类型 ,以木生和土生为主 ;真菌对沙地环境的适应性强 ,表现在子实体小型化、浅色种类居多、草原沙漠特有种类占一定比例 ;5至 10月真菌大量发生 ,其中以 8、9月份的种类最多 ,与其上一个月份的气温和降水量有密切的关系 ,并出现‘滞后现象’ ;自然干扰和人为干扰共同影响着大青沟的生态环境 ,前者以风蚀、干旱、沙化为主 ,后者以旅游、砍采、放牧、耕种为主 ,适度干扰可增加物种多样性 ;应注意真菌的就地保育。

The species diversity of Daqingou nature reserve is extremely richer than its Surrounding areas. Habitat heterogeneity is richer, there are 5 habitat types: Lignicolous, Geophilous, Coprophilous, Entomophilous and Ectomycorrhizal, Lignicolous and Geophilous play a major role in them. The fungi have a better adaptation to the desert environment. The sporocarps trend towards miniaturization and their main colors are light. There are a lots of the endemic of grassland or desert; from May to October occur many fungi, on August and September the species are the most, this has a close relation to temperature and precipitation of last month, and appear “lap phenomenon”. The natural disturbance and human disturbance all affect the ecological environment of Daqinggou; the former are wind erosion, drought and desert; the later are tourism, over collecting, raising live-stock, cultivation, collection of fire wood. The appropriate disturbance can increase the biodiversity of fungi, it is noted that fungi should be in situ conservation.