大豆质核互作雄性不育系NJCMS1A花粉败育的细胞学研究

CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON POLLEN ABORTION IN CYEOPLASMIC-NUCLEAR MALE STERILE SOYBEAN LINS NJCMS1A

利用光镜和透射电镜对 (N885 5×N2 899)F1不育株和 (N 2 899×N885 5 )F1可育株、BC1F1不育株、质核互作不育系NJCMS1A和保持系NJCMS1B进行小孢子发育的细胞学比较观察。结果表明 ,同一胞质在不同的回交世代败育途径和表现相似 ,主要发生在单核后期到二胞花粉早期 :(N885 5×N2 899)F1与BC1F1不育花药在小孢子单核靠边期细胞质产生不正常空泡 ,至近成熟花粉时细胞质部分解体、收缩 ;NJCMS1A花粉败育发生在二胞花粉期 ,初期原生质内小液泡比保持系增多 ,原生质内未形成淀粉粒 ,在生殖细胞远离营养细胞后 ,胞质呈现紊乱 ,生殖核与营养核消失 ,外壁内层及内壁停止发育 ,液泡增大 ,原生质部分解体。分别与反交F1及保持系比较 ,处于二胞花粉时期的正交F1及不育系细胞色素氧化酶最快迁移活性带缺失 ,此特征带缺失与不育花药败育时期基本同步。

Comparative observation on microspore development in cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterile soybean material, such as (N8855×N2899)F 1, BC 1 male sterile plants, NJCMS1A and its fertile countpart (N2899×N8855)F 1, maintainer line, was made with light and transmission electron microscopy. The result showed the abortion appearance of the different generations with the same cytoplasm was similar, pollen abortion occurred majorly from late mononucleate stage to binucleate stage. The abnormal vacuoles in microspore in (N8855×N2899)F 1 male sterile anther occurred at late mononucleate microspore stage. Plasmodium shriveled at mature pollen grain, The partial cytoplasm disintergrated, and 2-3 nucleus were found in some microspores in BC 1 sterile plants. Pollen abortion of NJCMS1A occurred at the stage of binucleate pollen. There appeared more small vacuoles in microspore cytoplasm of NJCMS1A than that of its maintainer line at the stage that generative cell closed to vegetative cell, starch grains not being produced in cytoplasm. After generative cell was away from vegetative cell, part of cytoplasm disordered, generative and vegetative nuclei further degenerated, vacuoles expanded, part of cytoplasm disintegrated, and the development of endexine was completely inhibited. Isozyme analysis indicated that the fastest cytochrome oxidase active band missed at binucleate stage, which was consistent with the result of the pollen abortion phase. Thus, the mechanism of the cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility was probably associated with cytochrome oxidase.