中国黄、渤海常见大型海藻的脂肪酸组成

FATTY ACIDS OF COMMON MARINE MACROPHYTES FROM THE YELLOW AND BOHAI SEAS

对中国黄、渤海沿岸的 1 7种红藻、1 2种褐藻、7种绿藻的脂肪酸组成进行了分析研究 ,结果表明 ,黄海和渤海的绝大多数红藻都富含二十碳高度不饱和脂肪酸 (主要是二十碳五烯酸 ,EPA和二十碳四烯酸 ,AA) ,一般都占总脂肪酸的 40 %以上 ;仙菜目的松节藻、细枝软骨藻 ,隐丝藻目的亮管藻、海萝、海膜、蜈蚣藻中的EPA含量均超过 40 % ,其中海萝达到 5 8% ;杉藻目扁江蓠中EPA含量很低 ,但花生四烯酸含量达到 5 8%。褐藻中 1 6∶0、1 8∶1 (n 9)、2 0∶4(n 6 )和 2 0∶5 (n 3 )含量占绝对优势 ,十八碳高度不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFAs)和二十碳PUFAs是主要的脂肪酸。在每种褐藻中还含有一定量的 1 4∶0、1 8∶2 (n 6 )、1 8∶3 (n 3 )和 1 8∶4(n 3 )。褐藻中的十八碳PUFAs含量比红藻高 ,而二十碳PUFAs比红藻低。绿藻中的主要脂肪酸是 1 6∶0、十六碳高度不饱和脂肪酸 (主要是 1 6∶4(n 3 )和 1 6∶3 (n 3 ) )、1 8∶1以及C1 8PUFAs(主要包括 1 8∶2 (n 6 ) ,1 8∶3 (n 3 )和 1 8∶4(n 3 ) ) ,绿藻的C1 6、C1

Fatty acid compositions of 17 species of Rhodophyceae,12 species of Phaeophyceae,7 species of Chlorophyceae collected in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea were determined.The result indicates that Rhodophyceae in the Yellow Sea and those in the Bohai Sea are all rich in C 20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (EPA and AA);the content of C 20 PUFAs are usually more than 40%.Rhodomela confervoides,Chondria tenuissima,Hyalosiphonia caespitosa,Gloiopeltis furcata,Halymenia sinensis and Grateloupia licina contain EPA more than 40%;in particular, G.furcata accumulated 58% of EPA.Gracilaria textorii was poorer in EPA,but was rich in arachidonic acid(58%).16∶0?18∶1(n-9),20∶4(n-6) and 20∶5(n-3) were the predominant fatty acids in Phaeophyceae.C 18 PUFAs and C 20 PUFAs were the main polyunsaturated fatty acids.Every species of Phaeophyceae also contained 14∶0?18∶2(n-6)?18∶3(n-3) and 18∶4(n-3).Phaeophyceae were richer in C 18 PUFAs than Rhodophyceae,but poorer in C 20 PUFAs than Rhodophyceae.16∶0,18∶1,C 16 PUFAs (the content of 16∶4(n-3) and 16∶3(n-3) were over 10% of total fatty acids) and C 18 PUFAs (18∶2(n-6),18∶3(n-3) and 18∶4(n-3)) were the main fatty acids in Chlorophyceae.Chlorophyceae contained high level of C 16 PUFAs and C 18 PUFAs.