拉美与俄罗斯:货币政策美元化与货币财富美元化

LATIN AMERICA AND RUSSIA:DOLLARIZATION OF MONETARY POLICY AND DOLLARIZATION OF MONETARY POSSESSIONS

20世纪 90年代以来 ,拉美与俄罗斯均出现了美元化现象 ,但拉美的美元化是一种“货币政策美元化” ,是其政府的一种政策选择 ,即是以政府出面宣布其经济美元化 ,其实质是一种彻底而不可逆转的固定汇率制。拉美各国通过实行美元化可以得到本国经济利益的扩大 ,促进经济发展 ,而俄罗斯的美元化则是一种“货币财富美元化” ,是其居民的一种自发行为。俄罗斯的美元化给其经济发展带来一系列的弊端 ,严重阻碍了经济发展 ,其美元化是一种与拉美诸国不同的现象。因此 ,分析这两种美元化的出现背景、主要表现及对各自经济的影响 ,以便引为借鉴。

Since 1990',dollarization emerged in Latin America and Russia.The dollarization in Latin America is a kind of dollarization of Monetary Policy and is conducted by their governments.In fact,this dollarization is a solid rate system.By this dollarization,Latin America can enlarge their GDP and promote their development.The dollarization of Russia is a kind of dollarization of Monetary Possessions and it brought many obstacles to its development.This dollarization hindered the progress of Russia.So,these are two different dollarizations.This article analyzes the background of these two dollarizations,their appearance and their difference.