社交恐怖症的心理防御机制及其相关因素

Defense Mechanism and related Factors in Patients with Social Phobia

目的 :探讨社交恐怖症 (SPH)病人的心理防御机制及其与患者个性特征和父母养育方式的关系。方法 :SPH组和正常对照 (NC)组各 6 0例 ,入组时按要求填写防御方式问卷 (FDSQ)、父母教养方式评价量表 (EMBU)和艾森格人格问卷 (EPQ)。结果 :SPH患乾的中间型和不成熟型防御机制因子分 (分别为4 90± 0 5 9和 4 71± 0 92 )显著高于NC组 ( 3 86± 0 98) ,成熟防御机制因子分 ( 5 36± 1 0 9)显著低于NC组 ( 5 80± 0 81) ,回避等防御机制分 ( 6 6 2± 1 35 )显著高于NC组 ( 5 72± 1 78)。SPH患者父母教养方式的情感温暖、理解因子分明显低于NC组 ,惩罚、拒绝和过度保护因子分明显高于NC组。EPQ结果 :SPH患者神经质标准分 (SN)显著高于NC组 ,外向标准分 (SE)显著低于NC组。相关分析结果 :SPH患者父母拒绝、否定和过度保护养育方式以及EPQ神经质个性特征与中间型和不成熟防御机制的使用显著相关。结论 :SPH患者更多使用中间型和不成熟型防御机制 ,并与个性缺陷和父母不良的教养方式密切相关 ,SPH患者较之正常人特征性使用回避等防御机制 ,此乃SPH临床症状产生的病理心理基础 。

Objective:To study the defense mechanism and its relationship with personality and parental rearing in patients with social phobia(SPH) Method:Both SPH patients(n=60)and normal controls(NC,n=60)completed Defense Style Questionnaire(DSQ),Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran(EMBU)and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) Results:The factor scores of neurotic defense and immature mechanism were found significantly higher in SPH patients(4 69±1 07 and 4 71±0 92,respectively)compared with Nc(4 34±0 58 and 3 86±0 98,respectively)(P<0 01) The factor scores of mature mechanism of DSQ in SPH patients(5 36±1 09)were significantly lower than that of NC(5 80±0 81) The scores of neurotic defense such as avoidance in SPH patients(6 62±1 35)were found significantly higher than that of NC (5 72±1 78)(P<0 01) The scores of factors such as affect warmth were found significantly lower and the scores of factors such as punishment,refuse and overprotection were found significantly higher on the father and mother scales of EMBU in SPH patients compared with that of NC The scores of the neuroticism subscale of EPQ in SPH patients were found significantly higher and the scores of the extraversion subscale were lower than that of NC The results of correlatin analysis showed that the rearing pattern such as refuse and overprotection of father and mother and the personality characteristic such as neuroticism correlated positively with the endorsement of neurotic defense and immature mechanism in SPH patients Conclusion:The SPH patients were more likely than the normal controls to endorse the neurotic defense and immature mechanism,which were related with the unbealthy personality and parental rearing pattern of the patients The SPH patients characteristically made use of avoidance and other neurotic defense compared with NC It's the psychopathology of SPH from which the avoidance symptom produced It's also the key target symptom of psychotherapy