城乡学龄儿童行为问题及影响因素比较

Comparative study of behavior problem and influencing factors of school-age children in urban and rural areas

目的 了解城乡学龄儿童行为问题现况及影响因素。方法 采用Achenbach儿童行为量表 (CBCL)调查哈尔滨市城市与农村 6～ 14岁的学龄儿童共 196 1名 ,并采用自拟的儿童行为问题影响因素问卷 ,对其父母进行问卷调查。结果 城乡学龄儿童行为问题检出率分别为 11.37%和 19.2 6 % ,两组间有极显著差异 (P <0 .0 1)。城乡儿童行为问题类型构成比分布趋势一致 ,均以混合问题儿童为主 ,内向问题儿童所占比例均大于外向问题儿童。城乡学龄儿童的分裂样、社交退缩、体诉、交往不良、多动、攻击性、性问题因子异常率有显著差异 ,均为农村大于城市儿童。多因素分析揭示 ,儿童行为问题的主要影响因素 ,城市组依次为母孕期情况、父母婚姻关系、幼儿期疾病、是否寄养 ;农村组依次为幼儿期疾病、幼儿期生活变故、父母文化程度。结论 北方地区农村学龄儿童行为问题检出率明显高于城市儿童。加强母孕期保健预防幼儿期疾病、避免生活变故。

Objective To explore the differences of behavioral problems and influencing factors of school-age children in city and country. Method Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL) and self-made questionnaire of influencing factors were applied to investigate 1961 children aged from 6～14. Results The prevalence of child behavioral problem of school-age children in city and in country was, 11.37% and 19.26%, respectively. There were significant differences in seven scales (Schizoid Behavior, Withdrawn, Somatic Complaints, Bad Communication, Hyperactivity, Aggressive, Sexual problem) between children in city and country. The distribution of the types of child behavioral problems was similar in urban and rural areas. The Multiple Regression Analysis has shown that the main influencing factors of child behavioral problem in city included the condition of pregnancy, parents' relationship, disease during infancy, foster age experience, and in country included disease during infancy, bad life experience during infancy, the low education level of parents. Conclusion The prevalence of child behavioral problem in country is significant higher than that in city. Multiple intervention approaches are very important for prevention of behavioral problems of school-age children.