已婚知识女性生殖与避孕行为的流行病学分析

An analysis of epidemiology of maried female teachers'reproductions and contrace ptions

目的 掌握高校已婚知识女性生殖与避孕的行为规律 ,以制定促进其生殖健康的干预计划。方法 采用以社区为基础的描述流行病学方法 ,分层随机抽取昆明四所高校中 80 4名女教师作婚育及避孕行为的定势问卷调查。结果 ≤ 30岁的青年组平均结婚和初产年龄为 2 6 .5岁及 2 7.8岁 ,较 5 0～ 6 1岁年龄组推迟 3.6岁和 4.2岁 ,但月经初潮年龄 (MA)≥ 16岁的人数则减少了 2 0 %。孕产频度具有随年龄增大而上升的现象 ,既往孕产一、二次者分别占抽样人群的 95 %、72 %和 90 %、30 % ;知识女性首选的避孕措施依序为 :安全套 38%、IUD31%、口服药 6 %。其中青年以使用安全套为主 ,中年则以用IUD为主。知识妇女避孕率达 83% ,但非意愿妊娠致人工流产仍为 71% ,其中人流 1、2次的构成比占其 44 %和 5 2 % ,两次及两次以上人流者以 40～ 49岁组为突出 (占该人群的 6 6 % )。结论 高校女教师MA随时代提前 ,而婚育年龄则延后。

Objective To under the use of the contraception used by married educated women,so as to keep their reproductive health.Methods To take the communities' descriptions of Epidemiology as a basis to distribute the determined questionnaires on marriages and child-bearers as well as Contraceptions to 804 female teachers in 4 higher colleges and universities.Results The average ages of marriages and primiparities in the group ≤30 years old are 26.5 and 27.8,comparatively deferred by 3.6 and 4.2 years old than in the group ≥50 years old ,while the ages of first menses in the group ≥16 years old,decreased by 20%.Their pregnancies and child-bearers are positive correlated with their ages.Those who have ong or two pregnancies and child-bearings are 95%and 72% as well as 90% and 30%;their contraception measures in order are condoms38%,IUD31%,the pills6%,of which the first place is given to the condoms by the young people,but to the IUD by the middle-aged people.Although 83% of those who are ≤49 years old have used the contraceptives,the induced abortions caused by the unwished pregnancies have reached a high of 71%.The rate of abortions ≥2 times has reached 52%.Conclusions The ages of the first menses of female teachers in higher colleges and universities have been moved up with the development of times,while the ages of their marriages and pregnancies have been deferred.The unwished pregnancy are the main cause to be detrimental to the reproductive health.