陆地棉遗传距离与杂种F_1、F_2产量及杂种优势的相关分析

Relationship Between F_(1),F_(2) Yield,Heterosis and Genetic Distance Measured by Molecular Markers and Parent Performance in Cotton

用两年田间试验数据和RAPD、ISSR与SSR分子标记,估算出36个陆地棉品种间的分子标记遗传距离为0.0701～0.4255,平均0.2844;表型遗传距离2.18～12.60,平均7.04;两者的相关系数为0.3350。双列杂交配置的28个F1和28个F2杂种群体,3个环境试验综合鉴定的F1与F2单株铃数、铃重、籽棉产量、衣分和皮棉产量间的相关系数分别为0.8035、0.8877、0.7135、0.9640和0.8956;F1、F2籽棉产量、皮棉产量的杂种优势平均数分别为13.62％、16.31％和7.90％、9.02％;F1、F2杂种间籽棉产量、皮棉产量杂种优势的相关系数分别为0.3689和0.3787。表型遗传距离、分子标记遗传距离与F1、F2产量性状表现及杂种优势之间的相关程度偏低,试验材料的选择也直接影响着它们之间的相关。

Genetic distance among 36 cotton cultivars measured by molecular markers of RAPDs, ISSRs, SSRs was from 0.0701 to 0. 4255 with the mean of 0. 2844,and from 2. 18 to 12. 60 with the mean of 7. 04 based on the genotype performance in two-years field experiments, which has a significant positive correlation (r = 0. 3350) . The correlative coefficients of boll number,boll weight,yield per plant,lint percent and lint yield per plant were 0. 8035,0. 8877,0. 7135,0. 9640 and 0. 8956 between F1 and F2 performance assessed by three-environments field experiments respectively. The mean of F1and F2 heterosis of yield per plant and lint yield per plant were 13.62 % , 16. 31 % , 7. 90 % and 9. 02 % , and the correlative coefficients between them were 0. 3689 and 0. 3787 respectively. The correlation between the genetic distance and heterosis was low, and influenced directly by the selected parents.