苹果粗皮病研究进展

Progress in Study on Internal Bark Necrosis of Apple Trees

苹果粗皮病最早在日本、美国等地发生,日本称粗皮病(Ｒｏｕｇｈ Ｂａｒｋ Ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ ｏｆ Ａｐｐｌｅ Ｔｒｅｅｓ),美国叫内部坏死病(Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｌ Ｂａｒｋ Ｎｅｃｒｏｓｉｓ,简称ＩＢＮ)。近年来,这一病害在我国的胶东半岛和辽东半岛等地不断发生,而且面积逐步扩大,严重影响着苹果的产量和品质。由于对苹果粗皮病缺乏了解,很多研究者和果农把这一病害与轮纹病混淆,因而不能有效的防治苹果粗皮病。文中对苹果粗皮病的发生症状、发病规律和诊断指标进行了描述,简要介绍了苹果粗皮病与枝干轮纹病的区别,论述了锰、铁、钙、硼、氮、磷、ｐＨ及水分等土壤因素,砧木、品种、树龄、管理等栽培因子与粗皮病的关系,并提出了相应的防治措施。

Internal bark necrosis (IBN) on apple trees was first occurred in Japan and American,it was also called Roughbark disease of apple trees in Japan. Such disorder appeared in Jiaodong and Liaodong peninsula in recent years,and theinfected area was spreaded.Because little was known about IBN,farmers and researchers could not distinguish IBN from ap-ple ring spot disease (Alternaria mali Roberts),so it brought much trouble for its control.This paper discusses the factorscaused its occurrence,symptoms,and the diagnosis indexes of it,some diffrences between IBN and ring spot,and the rela-tionships between Mn,Fe,Ca,B,N,P,pH, water condition, variety,rootstock and the age of apple trees with IBN. Fur-thermore,some correction methods and the future research programmes were suggested.